---
title: By spiritual vision he was able to know the secret of any sorrow, an… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: By spiritual vision he was able to know the secret of any sorrow, and the nature of the karma that had caused it. Who acts: priest. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/6/68/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [In Ghostly Japan](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/) / [Names of Incense Used., part 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/6/) / 68

# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 4, sentence 68

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By spiritual vision he was able to know the secret of any sorrow, and the nature of the karma that had caused it.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** priest · **What happens:** be, know, cause · **To what, where:** secret, nature

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (priest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:6:69
# text = By spiritual vision he was able to know the secret of any sorrow, and the nature of the karma that had caused it.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	spiritual	spiritual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	vision	vision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	secret	secret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	13	det	_	_
13	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	karma	karma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
21	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
22	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | priest |  |  |  |  | by spiritual vision; able *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **know** | to-infinitive | priest *not said here* | the secret of any sorrow |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer secret=Stimulus |
| 3 | **cause** | past · perfect · passive |  | the nature |  |  |  | of the karma; that *nsubj*; secret *obj* | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Theme it=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 67](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/6/67/)
- next →: [sentence 69](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/6/69/)
- ↑ back to [Names of Incense Used., part 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/6/)