---
title: And this little image is especially a _shiryō-yoké_,[11]—which prote… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: And this little image is especially a _shiryō-yoké_,[11]—which protects the living from the dead. Who acts: little image, shiryō yoké. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 4, sentence 77

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And this little image is especially a \_shiryō-yoké\_,\[11\]—which protects the living from the dead.

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**Who acts:** little image, shiryō yoké · **What happens:** be, protect · **To what, where:** shiryō yoké, living

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little image, shiryō yoké), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:6:78
# text = And this little image is especially a _shiryō-yoké_,[11]—which protects the living from the dead.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
3	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	image	image	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
6	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	_	_	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	shiryō	shiryō	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	yoké	yoké	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	11	11	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	protects	protect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this little image | a shiryō yoké |  |  |  | 11 *appos*; especially *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **protect** | present | a shiryō yoké | the living |  |  |  | from the dead | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent living=Beneficiary from dead=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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