---
title: A house or a person may be haunted by an _ikiryō_ as well as by a _s… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: A house or a person may be haunted by an _ikiryō_ as well as by a _shiryō_. Who acts: ikiryō. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 4, sentence 92

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A house or a person may be haunted by an \_ikiryō\_ as well as by a \_shiryō\_.

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**Who acts:** ikiryō · **What happens:** haunt · **To what, where:** house

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ikiryō), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:6:93
# text = A house or a person may be haunted by an _ikiryō_ as well as by a _shiryō_.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	haunted	haunt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	ikiryō	ikiryō	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	20	punct	_	_
14	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	20	cc	_	_
15	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	fixed	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	shiryō	shiryō	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **haunt** | may · passive | a ikiryō | a house or a person |  |  |  | a shiryō *parataxis* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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