---
title: [12] A special service,—accompanying offerings of food, etc., to tho… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: [12] A special service,—accompanying offerings of food, etc., to those dead having no living relatives or friends to care for them,—is thus termed. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 4, sentence 93

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\[12\] A special service,—accompanying offerings of food, etc., to those dead having no living relatives or friends to care for them,—is thus termed.

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**What happens:** accompany, have, care, term, offer · **To what, where:** living relatives, those, 12, food

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:6:94
# text = [12] A special service,—accompanying offerings of food, etc., to those dead having no living relatives or friends to care for them,—is thus termed.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	accompanying	accompany	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	offerings	offering	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	etc.	etc.	NOUN	FW	Abbr=Yes|Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	33	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
19	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	_
20	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	22	det	_	_
21	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	relatives	relative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	care	care	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	advcl	_	_
27	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux:pass	_	_
32	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
33	termed	term	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accompany** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | gerund |  | no living relatives or friends |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent relative=Patient |
| 3 | **care** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | for friends *= friend* | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for they=Theme |
| 4 | **term** | present · passive |  | those |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 6 | **offer** |  |  | food |  |  |  |  | nom offering «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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