---
title: [14] _O-fuda_ is the general name given to religious texts used as c… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: [14] _O-fuda_ is the general name given to religious texts used as charms or talismans. Who acts: O fuda _. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 4, sentence 98

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\[14\] \_O-fuda\_ is the general name given to religious texts used as charms or talismans.

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**Who acts:** O fuda \_ · **What happens:** be, give, use · **To what, where:** general name, religious texts, 14

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (O fuda \_), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:6:99
# text = [14] _O-fuda_ is the general name given to religious texts used as charms or talismans.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	14	14	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	O	o	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	fuda	fuda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	_	_	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
13	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	religious	religious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	texts	text	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
17	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	charms	charm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	talismans	talisman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | O fuda \_ | the general name |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | participle |  | the general name *not said here* | religious texts |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to text=Recipient |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | religious texts *not said here* |  |  |  | as charms or talismans | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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