---
title: I have been mentally comparing him with the true lovers of our old b… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: I have been mentally comparing him with the true lovers of our old ballad-literature. Who acts: I. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 5, sentence 108

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I have been mentally comparing him with the true lovers of our old ballad-literature.

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** compare · **To what, where:** Shinzaburō

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:7:109
# text = I have been mentally comparing him with the true lovers of our old ballad-literature.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux	_	_
4	mentally	mentally	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	comparing	compare	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	lovers	lover	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
12	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
13	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
14	ballad	ballad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	literature	literature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compare** | present · perfect · progressive | I | Shinzaburō |  |  |  | with the true lovers of our old ballad literature; mentally *property* | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent he=Patient with lover=Co-Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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