---
title: Although a samurai by birth and training, he had to beg a priest to… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Although a samurai by birth and training, he had to beg a priest to save him from ghosts. Who acts: Shinzaburō. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 5, sentence 112

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Although a samurai by birth and training, he had to beg a priest to save him from ghosts.

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**Who acts:** Shinzaburō · **What happens:** have, beg, save · **To what, where:** priest, Shinzaburō, ghosts

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shinzaburō), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:7:113
# text = Although a samurai by birth and training, he had to beg a priest to save him from ghosts.
1	Although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	samurai	samurai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	training	training	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	beg	beg	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	priest	priest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	ghosts	ghost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Shinzaburō |  |  |  |  | although a samurai by birth and training | tree rules |
| 2 | **beg** *speech: request* | to-infinitive | Shinzaburō *not said here* | a priest |  |  |  |  | vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.Topic»: agent=Agent priest=Recipient |
| 3 | **save** | to-infinitive | Shinzaburō *not said here* | Shinzaburō |  | ghosts |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent he=Theme from ghost=Source |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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