---
title: But the use of this weak character helped the author to develop inci… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: But the use of this weak character helped the author to develop incidents that could not otherwise, perhaps, have been so effectively managed. Who acts: use, author. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 5, sentence 115

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But the use of this weak character helped the author to develop incidents that could not otherwise, perhaps, have been so effectively managed.

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**Who acts:** use, author · **What happens:** help, develop, manage, use · **To what, where:** author, incidents, weak character

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (use, author), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:7:116
# text = But the use of this weak character helped the author to develop incidents that could not otherwise, perhaps, have been so effectively managed.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
6	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	character	character	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	author	author	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	develop	develop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
13	incidents	incident	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
15	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
21	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
22	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	25	aux:pass	_	_
23	so	so	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
24	effectively	effectively	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	managed	manage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | the use of this weak character | the author |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent author=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **develop** | to-infinitive | the author *not said here* | incidents |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent incident=Product |
| 3 | **manage** | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  |  | effectively, otherwise *property* | vn succeed-74-1-1 «NP V» |
| 4 | **use** |  |  | this weak character |  |  |  |  | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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