---
title: Yet he believed himself saved,—little imagining that his doom had al… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Yet he believed himself saved,—little imagining that his doom had already been decided by the character of his dependents. Who acts: Shinzaburō, character. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 5, sentence 12

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Yet he believed himself saved,—little imagining that his doom had already been decided by the character of his dependents.

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**Who acts:** Shinzaburō, character · **What happens:** believe, save, imagine, decide, doom · **To what, where:** Shinzaburō, doom

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shinzaburō, character), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:7:12
# text = Yet he believed himself saved,—little imagining that his doom had already been decided by the character of his dependents.
1	Yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	saved	save	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	imagining	imagine	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	doom	doom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
14	already	already	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	decided	decide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	character	character	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	dependents	dependent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | past | Shinzaburō | Shinzaburō |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **save** | participle | Shinzaburō *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **imagine** | gerund | Shinzaburō *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **decide** | past · perfect · passive | the character of Shinzaburō's dependents | Shinzaburō's doom |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent subject=Topic |
| 5 | **doom** |  | Shinzaburō |  |  |  |  |  | nom doom «event transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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