---
title: Tomozō had promised Yusai never to speak to any other person—not eve… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Tomozō had promised Yusai never to speak to any other person—not even to O-Miné—of the strange events that were taking place. Who acts: Tomozō, strange events. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 5, sentence 13

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Tomozō had promised Yusai never to speak to any other person—not even to O-Miné—of the strange events that were taking place.

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**Who acts:** Tomozō, strange events · **What happens:** promise, not speak, take · **To what, where:** place · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tomozō, strange events), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:7:13
# text = Tomozō had promised Yusai never to speak to any other person—not even to O-Miné—of the strange events that were taking place.
1	Tomozō	Tomozō	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	promised	promise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	Yusai	Yusai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
5	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
10	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
14	even	even	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	O	O	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	Miné	Miné	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	—	-	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	events	event	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
24	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
25	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	acl:relcl	_	_
27	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past · perfect | Tomozō |  |  |  |  | Yusai *xcomp* | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **speak** *speech: other* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Tomozō *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to any other person to O Miné; of the strange events | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to person=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **take** | past · progressive | the strange events | place |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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