---
title: Often I was told that the heart of a man changes as quickly as the s… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Often I was told that the heart of a man changes as quickly as the sky of autumn;—yet surely the heart of Hagiwara Sama cannot be so cruel that he should really intend to exclude me in this way!… Who acts: heart. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5, wit
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 5, sentence 3

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Often I was told that the heart of a man changes as quickly as the sky of autumn;—yet surely the heart of Hagiwara Sama cannot be so cruel that he should really intend to exclude me in this way!…

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**Who acts:** heart · **What happens:** tell, change, not be, intend, exclude · **To what, where:** I, me, way · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:7:3
# text = Often I was told that the heart of a man changes as quickly as the sky of autumn;—yet surely the heart of Hagiwara Sama cannot be so cruel that he should really intend to exclude me in this way!…
1	Often	often	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
12	as	as	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	Hagiwara	Hagiwara	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	Sama	Sama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
28	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	32	advmod	_	_
30	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	cop	_	_
31	so	so	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	_
33	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
34	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
35	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
36	really	really	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
37	intend	intend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	advcl	_	_
38	to	to	PART	TO	_	39	mark	_	_
39	exclude	exclude	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	xcomp	_	_
40	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	39	obj	_	_
41	in	in	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	43	det	_	_
43	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	…	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  | I |  |  |  | often *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **change** | present | the heart of a man |  |  |  |  | as the sky of autumn; quickly *property* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **is** | can | the heart of Hagiwara Sama |  |  |  |  | cruel *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **intend** | should | heart |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **exclude** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | heart *not said here* | me |  | this way |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer i=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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