---
title: The sun was high before he ventured again to approach his master’s d… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: The sun was high before he ventured again to approach his master’s dwelling, and to knock upon the sliding-doors. Who acts: sun, Tomozō. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 5, sentence 61

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The sun was high before he ventured again to approach his master’s dwelling, and to knock upon the sliding-doors.

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**Who acts:** sun, Tomozō · **What happens:** be, venture, approach, knock · **To what, where:** dwelling, sliding doors

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun, Tomozō), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:7:61
# text = The sun was high before he ventured again to approach his master’s dwelling, and to knock upon the sliding-doors.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	ventured	venture	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	again	again	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	approach	approach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	’s	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	dwelling	dwelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	knock	knock	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
19	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
21	sliding	sliding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	doors	door	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the sun |  |  |  |  | high *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **venture** | past | Tomozō |  |  |  | again |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **approach** | to-infinitive | Tomozō *not said here* | Tomozō's master's dwelling |  |  |  |  | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dwelling=Theme |
| 4 | **knock** | to-infinitive | Tomozō *not said here* |  |  | the sliding doors |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon door=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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