---
title: Yusai wonderingly exclaimed:—“Yes, he is dead;—but how did you learn… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Yusai wonderingly exclaimed:—“Yes, he is dead;—but how did you learn of it?” Who acts: Yusai, you. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 5, sentence 80

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Yusai wonderingly exclaimed:—“Yes, he is dead;—but how did you learn of it?”

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**Who acts:** Yusai, you · **What happens:** exclaim, be, learn · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Yusai, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:7:80
# text = Yusai wonderingly exclaimed:—“Yes, he is dead;—but how did you learn of it?”
1	Yusai	Yusai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	wonderingly	wonderingly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	11	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
16	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exclaim** *speech: express* | past | Yusai |  |  |  |  | wonderingly *property* | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Yusai |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **learn** *in a quote* | past · do-support | you |  |  |  |  | of seat | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent of it=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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