---
title: What happened to Hagiwara Sama was unavoidable;—his destiny had been… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: What happened to Hagiwara Sama was unavoidable;—his destiny had been determined from a time long before his last birth. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 5, sentence 83

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What happened to Hagiwara Sama was unavoidable;—his destiny had been determined from a time long before his last birth.

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**What happens:** happen, be, determine · **To what, where:** Hagiwara Sama, destiny

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:7:83
# text = What happened to Hagiwara Sama was unavoidable;—his destiny had been determined from a time long before his last birth.
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	nsubj	_	_
2	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	Hagiwara	Hagiwara	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Sama	Sama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	unavoidable	unavoidable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	destiny	destiny	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	determined	determine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	advmod	_	_
19	before	before	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | past |  |  |  |  |  | What *nsubj* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past |  |  | Hagiwara Sama |  |  | unavoidable *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **determine** | past · perfect · passive |  | Sama's destiny |  |  | before Sama's last birth; time | long *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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