---
title: Twenty-four hundred years ago, out of solitary meditation upon the p… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Twenty-four hundred years ago, out of solitary meditation upon the pain and the mystery of being, the mind of an Indian pilgrim brought forth the highest truth ever taught to men, and in an era barren of science anticipated the uttermost knowledge of our present evolutional philosophy regarding the 
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 6, sentence 109

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Twenty-four hundred years ago, out of solitary meditation upon the pain and the mystery of being, the mind of an Indian pilgrim brought forth the highest truth ever taught to men, and in an era barren of science anticipated the uttermost knowledge of our present evolutional philosophy regarding the secret unity of life, the endless illusions of matter and of mind, and the birth and death of universes.

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**Who acts:** solitary meditation, highest truth · **What happens:** be, bring, teach, anticipate, regard · **To what, where:** birth, men, uttermost knowledge, era barren

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (solitary meditation, highest truth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:8:110
# text = Twenty-four hundred years ago, out of solitary meditation upon the pain and the mystery of being, the mind of an Indian pilgrim brought forth the highest truth ever taught to men, and in an era barren of science anticipated the uttermost knowledge of our present evolutional philosophy regarding the secret unity of life, the endless illusions of matter and of mind, and the birth and death of universes.
1	Twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	compound	_	_
4	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	solitary	solitary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	meditation	meditation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	mystery	mystery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	pilgrim	pilgrim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
27	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
28	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	31	amod	_	_
31	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
32	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	33	advmod	_	_
33	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
34	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
38	in	in	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
39	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
40	era	era	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	compound	_	_
41	barren	barren	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	obl	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	_
44	anticipated	anticipate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
46	uttermost	uttermost	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	47	amod	_	_
47	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	obj	_	_
48	of	of	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
49	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	52	nmod:poss	_	_
50	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	amod	_	_
51	evolutional	evolutional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	amod	_	_
52	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	_
53	regarding	regard	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	56	case	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
55	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	56	amod	_	_
56	unity	unity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	nmod	_	_
57	of	of	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
58	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	62	punct	_	_
60	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	62	det	_	_
61	endless	endless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	62	amod	_	_
62	illusions	illusion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	56	conj	_	_
63	of	of	ADP	IN	_	64	case	_	_
64	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	nmod	_	_
65	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	67	cc	_	_
66	of	of	ADP	IN	_	67	case	_	_
67	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	64	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
68	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	71	punct	_	_
69	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	71	cc	_	_
70	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	71	det	_	_
71	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
72	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	73	cc	_	_
73	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	71	conj	_	_
74	of	of	ADP	IN	_	75	case	_	_
75	universes	universe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	71	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
76	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of the mind; of a Indian pilgrim | tree rules |
| 2 | **bring** | past | solitary meditation upon the pain and the mystery | the birth of universes and death |  |  |  | ago, forth *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | the highest truth |  | men |  | ever |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to man=Recipient |
| 4 | **anticipate** | past | solitary meditation upon the pain and the mystery *not said here* | the uttermost knowledge of our present evolutional philosophy regard the secret unity of life and the endless illusions of matter and mind |  | a era barren of science |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knowledge=Theme |
| 5 | **regard** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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