---
title: These are not cut out of a single block, but are composed of fragmen… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: These are not cut out of a single block, but are composed of fragments cemented into the irregular traditional shape, and capped with a heavy slab of Nebukawa granite, on the polished surface of which the design is engraved in lines about one-tenth of an inch in depth. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japa
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 6, sentence 17

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These are not cut out of a single block, but are composed of fragments cemented into the irregular traditional shape, and capped with a heavy slab of Nebukawa granite, on the polished surface of which the design is engraved in lines about one-tenth of an inch in depth.

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**What happens:** not cut out, compose, cement, cap, polish, engrave · **To what, where:** These, single block, fragments, irregular traditional shape, polished surface, design

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:8:18
# text = These are not cut out of a single block, but are composed of fragments cemented into the irregular traditional shape, and capped with a heavy slab of Nebukawa granite, on the polished surface of which the design is engraved in lines about one-tenth of an inch in depth.
1	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	block	block	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	composed	compose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	fragments	fragment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
16	cemented	cement	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
17	into	into	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	irregular	irregular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	traditional	traditional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	capped	cap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	slab	slab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	Nebukawa	Nebukawa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	granite	granite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
33	on	on	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	polished	polish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	amod	_	_
36	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	42	obl	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	design	design	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nsubj:pass	_	_
41	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	42	aux:pass	_	_
42	engraved	engrave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	acl:relcl	_	_
43	in	in	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	obl	_	_
45	about	about	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
46	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	48	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	46	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	tenth	tenth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
49	of	of	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
50	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	inch	inch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	nmod	_	_
52	in	in	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
53	depth	depth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **cut out** | present · passive |  | These |  | a single block |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **compose** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | of fragments | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V» |
| 3 | **cement** | participle |  | fragments *not said here* |  | the irregular traditional shape |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **cap** | participle |  |  |  | the polished surface |  | with a heavy slab of Nebukawa granite | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with slab=Theme |
| 5 | **polish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **engrave** | present · passive |  | the design |  | lines |  | of the polished surface; about one tenth of a inch in depth | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: subject=Theme in line=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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