---
title: The Buddha once trod upon this stone; and the prints of the soles of… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: The Buddha once trod upon this stone; and the prints of the soles of his feet remain upon its surface. Who acts: Buddha, prints. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 6, sentence 26

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The Buddha once trod upon this stone; and the prints of the soles of his feet remain upon its surface.

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**Who acts:** Buddha, prints · **What happens:** tread, remain, print · **To what, where:** stone, surface, soles

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddha, prints), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:8:27
# text = The Buddha once trod upon this stone; and the prints of the soles of his feet remain upon its surface.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	4	advmod	_	_
4	trod	tread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	prints	print	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	soles	sole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
18	remain	remain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
19	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tread** | past | the Buddha |  |  | this stone |  | once *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon stone=Trajectory |
| 2 | **remain** | present | the prints of the soles of Buddha's feet |  |  | book's surface |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon surface=Location |
| 3 | **print** |  |  | the soles of Buddha's feet |  |  |  |  | nom print «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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