---
title: When the Buddha felt that the time of his Nirvâna was approaching, h… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: When the Buddha felt that the time of his Nirvâna was approaching, he went to Kushina [_Kusinârâ_], and there stood upon that stone. Who acts: Buddha, time. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 6, sentence 29

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When the Buddha felt that the time of his Nirvâna was approaching, he went to Kushina \[\_Kusinârâ\_\], and there stood upon that stone.

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**Who acts:** Buddha, time · **What happens:** feel, approach, go, stand · **To what, where:** Kushina, stone

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddha, time), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:8:30
# text = When the Buddha felt that the time of his Nirvâna was approaching, he went to Kushina [_Kusinârâ_], and there stood upon that stone.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	Nirvâna	Nirvâna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	approaching	approach	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Kushina	Kushina	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
18	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	Kusinârâ	Kusinârâ	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	26	advmod	_	_
26	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
27	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	29	det	_	_
29	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | the Buddha |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **approach** | past · progressive | the time of Buddha's Nirvâna |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **go** | past | Buddha |  |  | Kushina |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to kushina=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **stand** | past | Buddha *not said here* |  |  | that stone; there |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon stone=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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