---
title: Once a king who hated Buddhism caused the top of the stone to be par… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Once a king who hated Buddhism caused the top of the stone to be pared off, so as to remove the impression; but after the surface had been removed, the footprints reappeared upon the stone.” Who acts: king, footprints. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 6, sentence 34

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Once a king who hated Buddhism caused the top of the stone to be pared off, so as to remove the impression; but after the surface had been removed, the footprints reappeared upon the stone.”

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**Who acts:** king, footprints · **What happens:** hate, cause, pare off, remove, reappear · **To what, where:** Buddhism, top, impression, stone

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, footprints), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:8:35
# text = Once a king who hated Buddhism caused the top of the stone to be pared off, so as to remove the impression; but after the surface had been removed, the footprints reappeared upon the stone.”
1	Once	once	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	hated	hate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	Buddhism	Buddhism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
14	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	pared	pare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	advcl	_	_
16	off	off	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
19	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	remove	remove	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	impression	impression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
25	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
26	after	after	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
29	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
30	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	31	aux:pass	_	_
31	removed	remove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	footprints	footprint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nsubj	_	_
35	reappeared	reappear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	advcl	_	_
36	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hate** | past | a king | Buddhism |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer buddhism=Stimulus |
| 2 | **cause** | past | a king | the top of the stone |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition top=Patient |
| 3 | **pare off** | to-infinitive · passive | a king *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V ADV-Middle» |
| 4 | **remove** | to-infinitive |  | the impression |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent impression=Theme |
| 5 | **remove** | past · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  | after the surface |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP» |
| 6 | **reappear** | past | the footprints |  |  | the stone |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon stone=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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