---
title: The _Hokké-Monku_ says:—“The effect of a wheel is to crush something… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: The _Hokké-Monku_ says:—“The effect of a wheel is to crush something; and the effect of the Buddha’s preaching is to crush all delusions, errors, doubts, and superstitions. Who acts: Hokké, effect, Buddha. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 6, with its d
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 6, sentence 83

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The \_Hokké-Monku\_ says:—“The effect of a wheel is to crush something; and the effect of the Buddha’s preaching is to crush all delusions, errors, doubts, and superstitions.

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**Who acts:** Hokké, effect, Buddha · **What happens:** say, be, effect, preach · **To what, where:** wheel, preaching · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hokké, effect, Buddha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:8:84
# text = The _Hokké-Monku_ says:—“The effect of a wheel is to crush something; and the effect of the Buddha’s preaching is to crush all delusions, errors, doubts, and superstitions.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
2	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Hokké	Hokké	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Monku	Monku	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	3	punct	_	_
7	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	crush	crush	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
19	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	’s	's	PART	POS	_	26	case	_	_
28	preaching	preaching	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
29	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	crush	crush	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
32	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	33	det	_	_
33	delusions	delusion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	errors	error	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
37	doubts	doubt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
40	superstitions	superstition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Hokké |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the effect of a wheel |  |  |  |  | something *obj*; crush *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the effect of the Buddha's preaching |  |  |  |  | all delusions and errors and doubts *obj*; superstitions *conj*; crush *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **effect** *in a quote* |  |  | a wheel |  |  |  |  | nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **effect** *in a quote* |  |  | the Buddha's preaching |  |  |  |  | nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
| 6 | **preach** *in a quote* |  | the Buddha |  |  |  |  |  | nom preaching «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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