---
title: Under the heel of the Buddha is the Treasure-Crown (_Hō-Kwan_) of Br… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Under the heel of the Buddha is the Treasure-Crown (_Hō-Kwan_) of Brahmâ (_Bon-Ten-O_),—in symbol of the Buddha’s supremacy above the gods. Who acts: Buddha. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 6, sentence 87

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Under the heel of the Buddha is the Treasure-Crown (\_Hō-Kwan\_) of Brahmâ (\_Bon-Ten-O\_),—in symbol of the Buddha’s supremacy above the gods.

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**Who acts:** Buddha · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** heel

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:8:88
# text = Under the heel of the Buddha is the Treasure-Crown (_Hō-Kwan_) of Brahmâ (_Bon-Ten-O_),—in symbol of the Buddha’s supremacy above the gods.
1	Under	under	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	heel	heel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	Treasure	treasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Hō	Hō	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Kwan	Kwan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Brahmâ	Brahmâ	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
21	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	Bon	Bon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	Ten	Ten	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	O	O	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	symbol	symbol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	’s	's	PART	POS	_	36	case	_	_
38	supremacy	supremacy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
39	above	above	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Buddha |  |  |  |  | of the Treasure Crown; Hō of Brahmâ and Kwan *appos* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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