--- title: The toil of the fields and the labor of the streets are performed to… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics description: The toil of the fields and the labor of the streets are performed to the rhythm of chanted verse; and song would seem to be an expression of the life of the people in about the same sense that it is an expression of the life of cicadæ…. Who acts: song, toil, fields. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/9/104/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [In Ghostly Japan](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/) / [Names of Incense Used., part 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/9/) / 104 # In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 7, sentence 104 The toil of the fields and the labor of the streets are performed to the rhythm of chanted verse; and song would seem to be an expression of the life of the people in about the same sense that it is an expression of the life of cicadæ…. **Who acts:** song, toil, fields · **What happens:** perform, chant, seem, be, toil · **To what, where:** toil, expression This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (song, toil, fields), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg8128:9:105 # text = The toil of the fields and the labor of the streets are performed to the rhythm of chanted verse; and song would seem to be an expression of the life of the people in about the same sense that it is an expression of the life of cicadæ…. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 toil toil NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 fields field NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nmod _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 labor labor NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 streets street NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nmod _ _ 12 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux:pass _ _ 13 performed perform VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 14 to to ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 rhythm rhythm NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 chanted chant VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 19 amod _ _ 19 verse verse NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 20 ; ; PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 22 song song NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 23 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 24 seem seem VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 conj _ _ 25 to to PART TO _ 28 mark _ _ 26 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 28 cop _ _ 27 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 expression expression NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 xcomp _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nmod _ _ 35 in in ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 36 about about ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 38 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 39 sense sense NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 40 that that SCONJ IN _ 44 mark _ _ 41 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ _ 42 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 cop _ _ 43 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 expression expression NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 xcomp _ _ 45 of of ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 nmod _ _ 48 of of ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 49 cicadæ cicadæ NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 50 …. .. PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **perform** | present · passive | | the toil of the fields and the labor of the streets | | | | to the rhythm of chanted verse | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **chant** | participle | | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **seem** | would | song | | | | | in the same sense | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Theme in sense=Attribute | | 4 | **is a** | to-infinitive | song *not said here* | a expression | | | | of the life of the people | tree rules | | 5 | **is a** | present | toil | a expression | | | | of the life of cicadæ | tree rules | | 6 | **toil** | | the fields and the labor of the streets | | | | | | nom toil «act intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 103](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/9/103/) - next →: [sentence 105](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/9/105/) - ↑ back to [Names of Incense Used., part 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/9/)