---
title: Probably my readers know of those social gatherings at which it is t… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Probably my readers know of those social gatherings at which it is the custom to compose verses, and to suspend the compositions to blossoming trees,—also of the Tanabata festival in honor of certain astral gods, when poems inscribed on strips of colored paper, and attached to thin bamboos, are to b
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 7, sentence 114

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Probably my readers know of those social gatherings at which it is the custom to compose verses, and to suspend the compositions to blossoming trees,—also of the Tanabata festival in honor of certain astral gods, when poems inscribed on strips of colored paper, and attached to thin bamboos, are to be seen even by the roadside,—all fluttering in the wind like so many tiny flags….

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**Who acts:** readers, social gatherings, all · **What happens:** know, be, compose, suspend, blossom, inscribe · **To what, where:** custom, verses, compositions, poems, strips, Tanabata festival

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (readers, social gatherings, all), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:9:115
# text = Probably my readers know of those social gatherings at which it is the custom to compose verses, and to suspend the compositions to blossoming trees,—also of the Tanabata festival in honor of certain astral gods, when poems inscribed on strips of colored paper, and attached to thin bamboos, are to be seen even by the roadside,—all fluttering in the wind like so many tiny flags….
1	Probably	probably	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	readers	reader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	advcl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
7	social	social	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	gatherings	gathering	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	custom	custom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	acl:relcl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	compose	compose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl	_	_
17	verses	verse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	suspend	suspend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	compositions	composition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	blossoming	blossom	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	amod	_	_
26	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	also	also	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	Tanabata	Tanabata	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	festival	festival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	honor	honor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
38	astral	astral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
41	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	42	advmod	_	_
42	poems	poem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	59	nsubj:pass	_	_
43	inscribed	inscribe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	42	acl	_	_
44	on	on	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	strips	strip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	obl	_	_
46	of	of	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	colored	color	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	48	amod	_	_
48	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
50	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
51	attached	attach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	42	acl	_	_
52	to	to	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
53	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	54	amod	_	_
54	bamboos	bamboo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	51	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
56	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	59	aux	_	_
57	to	to	PART	TO	_	59	mark	_	_
58	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	59	aux:pass	_	_
59	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	33	advcl	_	_
60	even	even	ADV	RB	_	63	advmod	_	_
61	by	by	ADP	IN	_	63	case	_	_
62	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	63	det	_	_
63	roadside	roadside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	67	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	67	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	67	nsubj	_	_
67	fluttering	flutter	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	33	acl	_	_
68	in	in	ADP	IN	_	70	case	_	_
69	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	70	det	_	_
70	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	67	obl	_	_
71	like	like	ADP	IN	_	75	case	_	_
72	so	so	ADV	RB	_	73	advmod	_	_
73	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	75	amod	_	_
74	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	75	amod	_	_
75	flags	flag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	67	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
76	….	..	PUNCT	.	_	33	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present | my readers |  |  |  |  | of that social gatherings; probably *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of gathering=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is a** | present | that social gatherings | the custom |  |  |  | example *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **compose** | to-infinitive | my readers *not said here* | verses |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent verse=Result |
| 4 | **suspend** | to-infinitive | my readers *not said here* | the compositions |  |  |  | to blossoming trees | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent composition=Theme |
| 5 | **blossom** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **inscribe** | participle |  | poems *not said here* |  | strips of colored paper |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent on strip=Destination |
| 7 | **color** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn coloring-24 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **attach** | participle |  | poems *not said here* |  |  |  | to thin bamboos | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to bamboo=Co-Patient |
| 9 | **see** | present · passive |  | poems |  |  |  | the roadside *obj* | tree rules |
| 10 | **flutter** | gerund | all | the Tanabata festival in honor of certain astral gods *not said here* |  |  |  | like many tiny flags; in the wind | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent festival=Patient in wind=Topic |
| 12 | **honor** |  |  | certain astral gods |  |  |  |  | nom honor «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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