---
title: Again, we have reason to believe that the sound of the cry itself be… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Again, we have reason to believe that the sound of the cry itself became associated in human imagination, at some period enormously remote, with particular impressions of fear. Who acts: we, sound. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7, with its dependenc
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 7, sentence 32

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Again, we have reason to believe that the sound of the cry itself became associated in human imagination, at some period enormously remote, with particular impressions of fear.

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**Who acts:** we, sound · **What happens:** have, believe, become, associate, impress · **To what, where:** reason, period, human imagination, fear · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:9:32
# text = Again, we have reason to believe that the sound of the cry itself became associated in human imagination, at some period enormously remote, with particular impressions of fear.
1	Again	again	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	13	nmod:unmarked	_	_
15	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
16	associated	associate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	xcomp	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	imagination	imagination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	23	det	_	_
23	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
24	enormously	enormously	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	remote	remote	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	with	with	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	impressions	impression	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	appos	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | we | reason |  |  | again |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Patient |
| 2 | **believe** | to-infinitive | we *not said here* | reason *not said here* |  | some period |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **become** | past | the sound of the cry  cry |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **associate** | participle | the sound of the cry  cry *not said here* |  |  | human imagination |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **impress** |  |  | fear |  |  |  |  | nom impression «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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