---
title: It is Karma;—it is the creation of thoughts and acts of error;—it is… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: It is Karma;—it is the creation of thoughts and acts of error;—it is not governed by any providence;—it is a ghastliness, a nightmare. Who acts: Cosmos, providence, error. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 7, sentence 67

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It is Karma;—it is the creation of thoughts and acts of error;—it is not governed by any providence;—it is a ghastliness, a nightmare.

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**Who acts:** Cosmos, providence, error · **What happens:** be, not govern, act · **To what, where:** Karma, creation, Cosmos, ghastliness

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cosmos, providence, error), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:9:67
# text = It is Karma;—it is the creation of thoughts and acts of error;—it is not governed by any providence;—it is a ghastliness, a nightmare.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	Karma	Karma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	creation	creation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	thoughts	thought	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	acts	act	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	error	error	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
21	governed	govern	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	24	det	_	_
24	providence	providence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	ghastliness	ghastliness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	nightmare	nightmare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Cosmos | Karma |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Cosmos | the creation |  |  |  | of thoughts and acts of error | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **govern** | present · passive | any providence | Cosmos |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 4 | **is a** | present | Cosmos | a ghastliness and a nightmare |  |  |  | a nightmare *conj* | tree rules |
| 5 | **act** |  | error |  |  |  |  |  | nom act «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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