---
title: There are gleams in our darkness,—faint auroral wakenings of Love an… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: There are gleams in our darkness,—faint auroral wakenings of Love and Pity and Sympathy and Magnanimity: these are selfless and true;—these are eternal and divine;—these are the Four Infinite Feelings in whose after-glow all forms and illusions will vanish, like mists in the light of the sun. But, e
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 7, sentence 72

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There are gleams in our darkness,—faint auroral wakenings of Love and Pity and Sympathy and Magnanimity: these are selfless and true;—these are eternal and divine;—these are the Four Infinite Feelings in whose after-glow all forms and illusions will vanish, like mists in the light of the sun. But, except in so far as we wake to these feelings, we are dreamers indeed,—moaning unaided in darkness,—tortured by shadowy horror.

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**Who acts:** gleams, these, forms, we, Love · **What happens:** be, glow, vanish, wake, moan, torture · **To what, where:** darkness, Four Infinite Feelings, mists, light, dreamers, sun.

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gleams, these, forms, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:9:72
# text = There are gleams in our darkness,—faint auroral wakenings of Love and Pity and Sympathy and Magnanimity: these are selfless and true;—these are eternal and divine;—these are the Four Infinite Feelings in whose after-glow all forms and illusions will vanish, like mists in the light of the sun. But, except in so far as we wake to these feelings, we are dreamers indeed,—moaning unaided in darkness,—tortured by shadowy horror.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	gleams	gleam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	faint	faint	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	auroral	auroral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	wakenings	wakening	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	Pity	pity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	Sympathy	Sympathy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	Magnanimity	magnanimity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
21	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	23	nsubj	_	_
22	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	selfless	selfless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	parataxis	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	30	nsubj	_	_
29	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
30	eternal	eternal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	divine	divine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	40	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	40	nsubj	_	_
36	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	40	cop	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
38	Four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	40	nummod	_	_
39	Infinite	infinite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	Feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	parataxis	_	_
41	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	45	mark	_	_
42	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	45	nmod:poss	_	_
43	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	45	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	43	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	glow	glow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	40	acl	_	_
46	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	47	det	_	_
47	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	51	nsubj	_	_
48	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
49	illusions	illusion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	conj	_	_
50	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	51	aux	_	_
51	vanish	vanish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	45	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
53	like	like	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
54	mists	mist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	51	obj	_	_
55	in	in	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
57	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	nmod	_	_
58	of	of	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
59	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	60	det	_	_
60	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	nmod	_	_
61	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	76	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	61	punct	_	_
63	except	except	ADP	IN	_	66	mark	_	_
64	in	in	ADP	IN	_	66	case	_	_
65	so	so	ADV	RB	_	66	advmod	_	_
66	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	76	advcl	_	_
67	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	69	mark	_	_
68	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	69	nsubj	_	_
69	wake	wake	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	66	advcl	_	_
70	to	to	ADP	IN	_	72	case	_	_
71	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	72	det	_	_
72	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	69	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
73	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	66	punct	_	_
74	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	76	nsubj	_	_
75	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	76	cop	_	_
76	dreamers	dreamer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	conj	_	_
77	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
78	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	80	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
79	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	80	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
80	moaning	moan	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	40	conj	_	_
81	unaided	unaided	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	80	xcomp	_	_
82	in	in	ADP	IN	_	83	case	_	_
83	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	81	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
84	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	86	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
85	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	86	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
86	tortured	torture	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	40	acl	_	_
87	by	by	ADP	IN	_	89	case	_	_
88	shadowy	shadowy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	89	amod	_	_
89	horror	horror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	86	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
90	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | gleams |  |  | our darkness; there |  | faint auroral wakenings of Love and Pity and Sympathy and Magnanimity *nsubj* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in darkness=Location |
| 2 | **is** | present | these |  |  |  |  | selfless *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | these *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present | these |  |  |  |  | eternal *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  | these *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **is a** | present | these | the Four Infinite Feelings |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **glow** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | the Four Infinite Feelings *nmod:poss*; indeed *property* | tree rules |
| 8 | **vanish** | future | all forms and illusions | mists |  | the light of the sun. |  |  | tree rules |
| 9 | **wake** | present | we |  |  |  |  | to this feelings | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 10 | **is a** | present | we | dreamers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 11 | **moan** | gerund | these *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unaided *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 12 | **torture** | participle |  | the Four Infinite Feelings *not said here* |  |  |  | by shadowy horror | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 13 | **waken** |  | Love |  |  |  |  |  | nom wakening «act intransitive»: of=agent |
| 14 | **light** |  |  | the sun. |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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