---
title: By smell she makes her estimates of character: all her judgments are… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: By smell she makes her estimates of character: all her judgments are founded upon smells. Who acts: faith. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 7, sentence 79

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By smell she makes her estimates of character: all her judgments are founded upon smells.

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**Who acts:** faith · **What happens:** make, found, estimate, judge · **To what, where:** estimates, judgments, character

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (faith), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:9:79
# text = By smell she makes her estimates of character: all her judgments are founded upon smells.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	estimates	estimate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	character	character	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
10	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	12	det:predet	_	_
11	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	judgments	judgment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	founded	found	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
15	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	smells	smell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | faith | faith's estimates of character |  |  |  | by smell | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent estimate=Product |
| 2 | **found** | present · passive |  | faith's judgments |  |  |  | upon smells | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **estimate** |  | faith | character |  |  |  |  | nom estimate «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |
| 4 | **judge** |  | faith |  |  |  |  |  | nom judgment «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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