---
title: Smelling thousands of things which we cannot smell at all, she must… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Smelling thousands of things which we cannot smell at all, she must comprehend them in a way of which we can form no idea. Who acts: faith, we. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 7, sentence 80

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Smelling thousands of things which we cannot smell at all, she must comprehend them in a way of which we can form no idea.

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**Who acts:** faith, we · **What happens:** smell, not smell, comprehend, form · **To what, where:** thousands, things, all, way, idea

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (faith, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:9:80
# text = Smelling thousands of things which we cannot smell at all, she must comprehend them in a way of which we can form no idea.
1	Smelling	smell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
2	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obj	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	smell	smell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
13	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	comprehend	comprehend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	obl	_	_
22	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	form	form	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	acl:relcl	_	_
25	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	26	det	_	_
26	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | gerund | faith *not said here* | thousands of things |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thousand=Stimulus |
| 2 | **not** **smell** | can | we | things |  | all |  |  | vn stalk-35.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent which=Theme at all=Location |
| 3 | **comprehend** | must | faith | thousands *= thousand* |  | a way |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
| 4 | **form** | can | we | no idea |  |  |  | of a way | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location idea=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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