---
title: Whatever she knows has been learned through mental operations of an… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Whatever she knows has been learned through mental operations of an utterly unimaginable kind. Who acts: faith. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 7, sentence 81

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Whatever she knows has been learned through mental operations of an utterly unimaginable kind.

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**Who acts:** faith · **What happens:** know, learn, operate · **To what, where:** Whatever, mental operations, unimaginable kind

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (faith), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:9:81
# text = Whatever she knows has been learned through mental operations of an utterly unimaginable kind.
1	Whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	obj	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	mental	mental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	operations	operation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	utterly	utterly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	unimaginable	unimaginable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present | faith |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **learn** | present · perfect · passive |  | Whatever |  | mental operations of a unimaginable kind |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: whatever=Topic |
| 3 | **operate** |  |  | a unimaginable kind |  |  |  |  | nom operation «state transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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