--- title: By priests her state is termed a state of darkness of mind, because… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics description: By priests her state is termed a state of darkness of mind, because she cannot learn all that men should learn; but according to her light she has done well enough to merit some better condition in her next rebirth. Who acts: priests, faith, men. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, N --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/9/88/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [In Ghostly Japan](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/) / [Names of Incense Used., part 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/9/) / 88 # In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 7, sentence 88 By priests her state is termed a state of darkness of mind, because she cannot learn all that men should learn; but according to her light she has done well enough to merit some better condition in her next rebirth. **Who acts:** priests, faith, men · **What happens:** term, not learn, learn, accord, do, merit · **To what, where:** state, better condition, next rebirth · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (priests, faith, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg8128:9:88 # text = By priests her state is termed a state of darkness of mind, because she cannot learn all that men should learn; but according to her light she has done well enough to merit some better condition in her next rebirth. 1 By by ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 priests priest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 3 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ _ 4 state state NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj:pass _ _ 5 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux:pass _ _ 6 termed term VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 state state NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 darkness darkness NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 mind mind NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 14 because because SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 15 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 16 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ SpaceAfter=No 17 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 18 advmod _ _ 18 learn learn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 parataxis _ _ 19 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 21 det:predet _ _ 20 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 21 det _ _ 21 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 22 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 23 learn learn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 24 ; ; PUNCT : _ 32 punct _ _ 25 but but CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 26 according accord VERB VBG ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 29 case _ _ 27 to to ADP IN _ 26 fixed _ _ 28 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 30 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 31 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 aux _ _ 32 done do VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 6 conj _ _ 33 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 32 advmod _ _ 34 enough enough ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 35 to to PART TO _ 36 mark _ _ 36 merit merit VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 32 advcl _ _ 37 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 39 det _ _ 38 better good ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 39 amod _ _ 39 condition condition NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 40 in in ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 41 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 43 nmod:poss _ _ 42 next next ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 rebirth rebirth NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 44 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **term** | present · passive | priests | faith's state | | | | | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme state=Result | | 2 | **not** **learn** | can | faith | | | | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **learn** | should | all men | | | | | | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **accord** | gerund | | | | | | | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **do** | present · perfect | faith | | | | | accord faith's light; enough, well *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **merit** | to-infinitive | faith *not said here* | some better condition | | faith's next rebirth | | | tree rules | | 7 | **light** | | faith | | | | | | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 87](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/9/87/) - next →: [sentence 89](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/9/89/) - ↑ back to [Names of Incense Used., part 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/9/)