---
title: We lack leaders--Sir Gawain and Sir Lancelot have both of them left… — Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English… · tree and pragmatics
description: We lack leaders--Sir Gawain and Sir Lancelot have both of them left the land, and thereof hath great shame come to us--we are without king, or leaders, or counsel." Who acts: We, leaders, both, great shame. A sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch
---

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# Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 11, sentence 48

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We lack leaders--Sir Gawain and Sir Lancelot have both of them left the land, and thereof hath great shame come to us--we are without king, or leaders, or counsel."

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**Who acts:** We, leaders, both, great shame · **What happens:** lack, have, leave, come, be · **To what, where:** land, counsel, us

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This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, leaders, both, great shame), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8447:11:48
# text = We lack leaders--Sir Gawain and Sir Lancelot have both of them left the land, and thereof hath great shame come to us--we are without king, or leaders, or counsel."
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lack	lack	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	leaders	leader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Sir	Sir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:desc	_	_
6	Gawain	Gawain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	Sir	Sir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	Lancelot	Lancelot	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
11	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	nsubj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nmod	_	_
14	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
21	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	shame	shame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	ccomp	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
28	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
29	without	without	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	leaders	leader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	counsel	counsel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lack** | present | We |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | leaders  Gawain  Sir and Sir |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **leave** | past | both of leaders | the land |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Theme |
| 4 | **have** | present |  | counsel |  |  |  | thereof *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **come** | infinitive | great shame |  | us |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to we=Initial\_Location |
| 6 | **is** | present | we |  |  |  |  | without king or leaders; leaders *conj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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