---
title: When all had sworn the oath, and given surety, then did they shut fa… — Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English… · tree and pragmatics
description: When all had sworn the oath, and given surety, then did they shut fast the portals upon all their food and all the aid they might win against the king and his army who were nigh at hand. Who acts: matters, army. A sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval 
---

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# Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 11, sentence 72

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When all had sworn the oath, and given surety, then did they shut fast the portals upon all their food and all the aid they might win against the king and his army who were nigh at hand.

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**Who acts:** matters, army · **What happens:** swear, give, do, win, be · **To what, where:** all, portals, aid, hand

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This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (matters, army), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8447:11:72
# text = When all had sworn the oath, and given surety, then did they shut fast the portals upon all their food and all the aid they might win against the king and his army who were nigh at hand.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	sworn	swear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	surety	surety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	_
13	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	shut	shut	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	_
16	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	18	advmod	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	portals	portal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
19	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	22	det:predet	_	_
21	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	26	det:predet	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	aid	aid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	acl:relcl	_	_
30	against	against	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	_
36	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	38	nsubj	_	_
37	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	cop	_	_
38	nigh	nigh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	acl:relcl	_	_
39	at	at	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swear** | past · perfect · passive |  | all |  |  |  | given surety *obl*; the oath *obj* | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Theme oath=Eventuality |
| 2 | **give** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **do** | past |  | the portals upon matters's food and all aid |  |  | then | shut *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **win** | might | matters *= matter* | all aid *not said here* |  |  |  | against the king and King's army | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aid=Eventuality |
| 5 | **is** | past | King's army |  |  | hand |  | nigh *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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