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title: Then were the knights sorely grieved, and kindled as a coal for sorr… — Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then were the knights sorely grieved, and kindled as a coal for sorrow, in that they might not know, by any craft, whitherward they rode. Who acts: steeds. A sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 4, with its de
---

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# Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 4, sentence 20

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Then were the knights sorely grieved, and kindled as a coal for sorrow, in that they might not know, by any craft, whitherward they rode.

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**Who acts:** steeds · **What happens:** be, grieve, kindle, not know, ride · **To what, where:** knights, craft, whitherward

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This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (steeds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8447:4:20
# text = Then were the knights sorely grieved, and kindled as a coal for sorrow, in that they might not know, by any craft, whitherward they rode.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	knights	Knight	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	sorely	sorely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	grieved	grieve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	kindled	kindle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	in	in	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	21	mark	_	_
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
21	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	by	by	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	25	det	_	_
25	craft	craft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	whitherward	whitherward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	_
28	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | the knights |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grieve** | participle · passive |  | the knights |  |  | then | sorely *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 3 | **kindle** | past |  |  |  |  |  | as a coal for sorrow | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **not** **know** | might | steeds *= steed* | any craft |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer craft=Stimulus |
| 5 | **ride** | past | steeds *= steed* | whitherward *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whitherward=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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