---
title: Sir Gawain beheld how he smote her, many a time and oft, blow upon b… — Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English… · tree and pragmatics
description: Sir Gawain beheld how he smote her, many a time and oft, blow upon blow, with his fist that weighed heavily for the mailed gauntlet that he ware. Who acts: Sir, fist. A sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 4, 
---

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# Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 4, sentence 75

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Sir Gawain beheld how he smote her, many a time and oft, blow upon blow, with his fist that weighed heavily for the mailed gauntlet that he ware.

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**Who acts:** Sir, fist · **What happens:** behold, smite, blow, weigh, mail, ware · **To what, where:** truth

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This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sir, fist), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8447:4:75
# text = Sir Gawain beheld how he smote her, many a time and oft, blow upon blow, with his fist that weighed heavily for the mailed gauntlet that he ware.
1	Sir	Sir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Gawain	Gawain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	beheld	behold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:unmarked	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	oft	oft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	blow	blow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
16	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	blow	blow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	fist	fist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
22	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	weighed	weigh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
24	heavily	heavily	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
25	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	mailed	mail	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	amod	_	_
28	gauntlet	gauntlet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
29	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
30	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	ware	ware	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **behold** | past | Sir |  |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **smite** | past | Sir | truth |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Stimulus she=Experiencer many=Result |
| 3 | **blow** | infinitive | Sir *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon blow; with Sir's fist | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»: with fist=Theme |
| 4 | **weigh** | past | Sir's fist |  |  |  |  | for the mailed gauntlet; heavily *property* | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **mail** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **ware** |  | Sir |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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