---
title: His friends and kinsmen had beheld from afar and came therewith, sor… — Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English… · tree and pragmatics
description: His friends and kinsmen had beheld from afar and came therewith, sore distressed and very wrath when they saw their lord thus lying dead upon the field. Who acts: friends, lord. A sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Openin
---

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# Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 5, sentence 47

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His friends and kinsmen had beheld from afar and came therewith, sore distressed and very wrath when they saw their lord thus lying dead upon the field.

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**Who acts:** friends, lord · **What happens:** behold, come, distress, see, lie · **To what, where:** afar, sore distressed wrath, lord, field

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This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friends, lord), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8447:5:47
# text = His friends and kinsmen had beheld from afar and came therewith, sore distressed and very wrath when they saw their lord thus lying dead upon the field.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	kinsmen	kinsman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	beheld	behold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	afar	afar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	therewith	therewith	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
14	distressed	distress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	very	very	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	wrath	wrath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
18	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	20	advmod	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
21	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	xcomp	_	_
25	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	xcomp	_	_
26	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **behold** | past · perfect | Gawain's friends and kinsmen |  |  | afar |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **come** | past | Gawain's friends and kinsmen *not said here* | sore distressed wrath |  |  |  | therewith *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **distress** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **see** | past | friends *= friend* | friends's lord |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **lie** | gerund | friends's lord *not said here* |  |  | the field |  | dead, thus *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon field=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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