--- title: Sir Gawain must needs yield him; he was felled to the ground, yet we… — Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English… · tree and pragmatics description: Sir Gawain must needs yield him; he was felled to the ground, yet were there some to whom it cost their life ere he was captive, and some it cost a limb, or twain, that might never more be healed; and he himself was so sore mis-handled that all he ware, whether it were armour or other clothing, was --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/7/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered in…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/) / [Opening, part 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/7/) / 3 # Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 7, sentence 3 Sir Gawain must needs yield him; he was felled to the ground, yet were there some to whom it cost their life ere he was captive, and some it cost a limb, or twain, that might never more be healed; and he himself was so sore mis-handled that all he ware, whether it were armour or other clothing, was rent in many a place, so that the flesh might be seen. **Who acts:** Gawain needs, ground, Sir, some, ware · **What happens:** yield, fell, be, cost, not heal, handle · **To what, where:** Sir, life, limb, armour, ware, many place This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gawain needs, ground, Sir, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg8447:7:3 # text = Sir Gawain must needs yield him; he was felled to the ground, yet were there some to whom it cost their life ere he was captive, and some it cost a limb, or twain, that might never more be healed; and he himself was so sore mis-handled that all he ware, whether it were armour or other clothing, was rent in many a place, so that the flesh might be seen. 1 Sir sir NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod:desc _ _ 2 Gawain Gawain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 3 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 needs need NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 yield yield VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 7 ; ; PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 9 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux:pass _ _ 10 felled fell VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 conj _ _ 11 to to ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 14 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 15 yet yet CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 16 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _ 17 there there ADV RB PronType=Dem 5 conj _ _ 18 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 17 obj _ _ 19 to to ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 whom whom PRON WP PronType=Rel 18 nmod _ _ 21 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 22 cost cost VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 acl:relcl _ _ 23 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 24 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 25 ere ere ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 26 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 27 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 cop _ _ 28 captive captive ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 31 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 33 nsubj _ _ 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 33 cost cost VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 limb limb NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 36 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 37 or or CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 38 twain twain NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 39 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 40 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 45 nsubj _ _ 41 might might AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 45 aux _ _ 42 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 45 advmod _ _ 43 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 45 nsubj:pass _ _ 44 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 45 aux:pass _ _ 45 healed heal VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 35 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 46 ; ; PUNCT : _ 55 punct _ _ 47 and and CCONJ CC _ 55 cc _ _ 48 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 55 nsubj:pass _ _ 49 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes 48 nmod:unmarked _ _ 50 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 55 aux:pass _ _ 51 so so ADV RB _ 55 advmod _ _ 52 sore sore ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 55 nsubj:pass _ _ 53 mis mis NOUN NN Number=Sing 55 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 54 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 53 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 55 handled handle VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 parataxis _ _ 56 that that SCONJ IN _ 70 mark _ _ 57 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 59 det _ _ 58 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 59 nsubj _ _ 59 ware ware NOUN NN Number=Sing 70 nsubj:pass _ SpaceAfter=No 60 , , PUNCT , _ 64 punct _ _ 61 whether whether SCONJ IN _ 64 mark _ _ 62 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 64 nsubj _ _ 63 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 64 cop _ _ 64 armour armour NOUN NN Number=Sing 59 appos _ _ 65 or or CCONJ CC _ 67 cc _ _ 66 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 67 amod _ _ 67 clothing clothing NOUN NN Number=Sing 64 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 68 , , PUNCT , _ 59 punct _ _ 69 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 70 aux:pass _ _ 70 rent rend VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 55 advcl _ _ 71 in in ADP IN _ 74 case _ _ 72 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 74 amod _ _ 73 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 74 det _ _ 74 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 70 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 75 , , PUNCT , _ 82 punct _ _ 76 so so SCONJ IN ExtPos=SCONJ 82 mark _ _ 77 that that SCONJ IN _ 76 fixed _ _ 78 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 79 det _ _ 79 flesh flesh NOUN NN Number=Sing 82 nsubj:pass _ _ 80 might might AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 82 aux _ _ 81 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 82 aux:pass _ _ 82 seen see VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 70 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 83 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **yield** | present | Gawain needs | Sir | | | | | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent he=Theme | | 2 | **fell** | past · passive | | Sir | | | | to the ground | tree rules | | 3 | **is** | past | Gawain needs *not said here* | | | | | there *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **cost** | past | ground | needs's life | | | | ere *property* | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme life=Value | | 5 | **is** | past | Sir | | | | | captive *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **cost** | past | some | a limb or twain | | | | ground *nsubj* | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme limb=Value | | 7 | **not** **heal** | might · passive | | a limb or twain | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | | 8 | **handle** | past · passive | | Sir | | | | mis *compound* | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 9 | **ware** | | Sir | | | | | | tree rules | | 10 | **is a** | past | ware | armour or other clothing | | | | other clothing *conj* | tree rules | | 11 | **rend** | past · passive | | all ware | | a many place | | | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 12 | **see** | might · passive | | the flesh | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/7/2/) - next →: [sentence 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/7/4/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/7/)