---
title: There were among them knights and squires, the richest, and the most… — Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English… · tree and pragmatics
description: There were among them knights and squires, the richest, and the most nobly born after the lord of the land; and all had sworn an oath that they would lead Sir Gawain to the cross-roads, at the entering in of their land for the greater shaming of King Arthur's Court. Who acts: knights, smart. A sente
---

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# Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 7, sentence 8

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There were among them knights and squires, the richest, and the most nobly born after the lord of the land; and all had sworn an oath that they would lead Sir Gawain to the cross-roads, at the entering in of their land for the greater shaming of King Arthur's Court.

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**Who acts:** knights, smart · **What happens:** be, bear, swear, lead · **To what, where:** all, Sir, entering

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This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knights, smart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8447:7:8
# text = There were among them knights and squires, the richest, and the most nobly born after the lord of the land; and all had sworn an oath that they would lead Sir Gawain to the cross-roads, at the entering in of their land for the greater shaming of King Arthur's Court.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	among	among	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	_
5	knights	knight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	squires	squire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	richest	rich	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	15	advmod	_	_
15	nobly	nobly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
17	after	after	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
26	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	sworn	swear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
28	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
31	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
32	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	lead	lead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	advcl	_	_
34	Sir	Sir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
35	Gawain	Gawain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	flat	_	_
36	to	to	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	cross-roads	cross-road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
40	at	at	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	entering	entering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
43	in	in	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	46	case	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	fixed	_	_
45	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	46	nmod:poss	_	_
46	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nmod	_	_
47	for	for	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
49	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	50	amod	_	_
50	shaming	shaming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nmod	_	_
51	of	of	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
52	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	53	compound	_	_
53	Arthur	Arthur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	55	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	's	's	PART	POS	_	53	case	_	_
55	Court	Court	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	50	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | knights and squires |  |  | there |  | among smart | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among they=Location |
| 2 | **bear** | participle | knights and squires *not said here* |  |  |  | after the lord of the land | nobly *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **swear** | past · perfect · passive |  | all |  |  |  | a oath *obj* | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Theme oath=Eventuality |
| 4 | **lead** | would | smart | Sir |  | the entering in smart's land for the greater shaming of King Arthur's Court |  | to the cross-roads | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sir=Theme to cross-road=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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