---
title: Here have I foes nigh at hand, who have wrought me harm, and were re… — Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English… · tree and pragmatics
description: Here have I foes nigh at hand, who have wrought me harm, and were ready to do yet more did they know me to be here, in this place." Who acts: I, hand, foes. A sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 9, with its d
---

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# Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 9, sentence 26

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Here have I foes nigh at hand, who have wrought me harm, and were ready to do yet more did they know me to be here, in this place."

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**Who acts:** I, hand, foes · **What happens:** have, foe, be, do, know · **To what, where:** hand, wrought harm, more, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, hand, foes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8447:9:26
# text = Here have I foes nigh at hand, who have wrought me harm, and were ready to do yet more did they know me to be here, in this place."
1	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	foes	foe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	nigh	nigh	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
11	wrought	wrought	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
13	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	advcl	_	_
20	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	19	obj	_	_
22	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	parataxis	_	_
25	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
27	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	cop	_	_
28	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	24	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	32	det	_	_
32	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present |  |  |  | here |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **foe** |  | I |  |  | hand |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present | hand | wrought harm |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harm=Patient |
| 4 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | ready *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **do** | to-infinitive | foes *= foe* *not said here* | more |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Eventuality |
| 6 | **know** | past · do-support | foes *= foe* | me |  |  |  | this place *conj* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus |
| 7 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | here *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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