---
title: By Heaven, it availeth thee naught; thou shall ferry us over swiftly. — Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English… · tree and pragmatics
description: By Heaven, it availeth thee naught; thou shall ferry us over swiftly. Who acts: boatman, thou. A sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 9, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 9, sentence 73

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By Heaven, it availeth thee naught; thou shall ferry us over swiftly.

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**Who acts:** boatman, thou · **What happens:** avail, ferry · **To what, where:** thee, us

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This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boatman, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8447:9:73
# text = By Heaven, it availeth thee naught; thou shall ferry us over swiftly.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Heaven	Heaven	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	availeth	avail	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	obj	_	_
7	naught	naught	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nsubj	_	_
10	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	ferry	ferry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
12	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	over	over	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	swiftly	swiftly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avail** | present | boatman | thee |  |  |  | by Heaven; naught *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **ferry** | shall | thou | us |  |  |  | swiftly *property* | vn drive-11.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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