---
title: He is leaning over a desk covered with papers, and in a tumbler by h… — The Happy Prince, and Other Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: He is leaning over a desk covered with papers, and in a tumbler by his side there is a bunch of withered violets. Who acts: Swallow, bunch. A sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Happy Prince, and Other Tales, Opening, part 1, sentence 126

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He is leaning over a desk covered with papers, and in a tumbler by his side there is a bunch of withered violets.

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**Who acts:** Swallow, bunch · **What happens:** lean, cover, be, wither · **To what, where:** desk, tumbler

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This is a sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Swallow, bunch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg902:1:126
# text = He is leaning over a desk covered with papers, and in a tumbler by his side there is a bunch of withered violets.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	leaning	lean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	desk	desk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	papers	paper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	tumbler	tumbler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	19	expl	_	_
19	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	bunch	bunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	withered	wither	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	amod	_	_
24	violets	violet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lean** | present · progressive | Swallow |  |  | a desk |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over desk=Location |
| 2 | **cover** | participle |  | a desk *not said here* |  |  |  | with papers | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with paper=Theme |
| 3 | **be** | present | a bunch of withered violets |  |  | a tumbler by Swallow's side; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in tumbler=Location |
| 4 | **wither** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Project Gutenberg book 902 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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