---
title: “It is winter,” answered the Swallow, “and the chill snow will soon… — The Happy Prince, and Other Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “It is winter,” answered the Swallow, “and the chill snow will soon be here. Who acts: hunger, winter, chill snow. A sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Happy Prince, and Other Tales, Opening, part 1, sentence 151

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“It is winter,” answered the Swallow, “and the chill snow will soon be here.

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**Who acts:** hunger, winter, chill snow · **What happens:** be, answer · **To what, where:** winter, Swallow · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hunger, winter, chill snow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg902:1:151
# text = “It is winter,” answered the Swallow, “and the chill snow will soon be here.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Swallow	swallow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
11	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	chill	chill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
16	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
17	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	19	advmod	_	_
18	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	cop	_	_
19	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | hunger | winter |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | winter | the Swallow |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent swallow=Eventuality |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | future | the chill snow |  |  |  |  | here, soon *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Project Gutenberg book 902 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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