---
title: He was gilded all over with thin leaves of fine gold, for eyes he ha… — The Happy Prince, and Other Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: He was gilded all over with thin leaves of fine gold, for eyes he had two bright sapphires, and a large red ruby glowed on his sword-hilt. Who acts: Friend. A sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Happy Prince, and Other Tales, Opening, part 1, sentence 17

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He was gilded all over with thin leaves of fine gold, for eyes he had two bright sapphires, and a large red ruby glowed on his sword-hilt.

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**Who acts:** Friend · **What happens:** gild, have, glow · **To what, where:** Friend, two bright sapphires, large red ruby, sword hilt

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This is a sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg902:1:17
# text = He was gilded all over with thin leaves of fine gold, for eyes he had two bright sapphires, and a large red ruby glowed on his sword-hilt.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	gilded	gild	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	over	over	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
17	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
18	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	sapphires	sapphire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
23	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
24	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	ruby	ruby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
26	glowed	glow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	acl	_	_
27	on	on	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
29	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	hilt	hilt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gild** | past · passive |  | Friend |  |  |  | with thin leaves of fine gold; over *property* | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with leaf=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | Friend | two bright sapphires |  |  |  | for eyes; a large red ruby *obl* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sapphire=Patient |
| 3 | **glow** | participle |  | a large red ruby *not said here* |  | Friend's sword hilt |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on hilt=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Project Gutenberg book 902 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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