---
title: “Last summer, when I was staying on the river, there were two rude b… — The Happy Prince, and Other Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “Last summer, when I was staying on the river, there were two rude boys, the miller’s sons, who were always throwing stones at me. Who acts: Last summer, two rude boys, sons. A sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatic
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg902/1/85/)

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# The Happy Prince, and Other Tales, Opening, part 1, sentence 85

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“Last summer, when I was staying on the river, there were two rude boys, the miller’s sons, who were always throwing stones at me.

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**Who acts:** Last summer, two rude boys, sons · **What happens:** stay, be, throw · **To what, where:** river, stones

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This is a sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Last summer, two rude boys, sons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg902:1:85
# text = “Last summer, when I was staying on the river, there were two rude boys, the miller’s sons, who were always throwing stones at me.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	staying	stay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	14	expl	_	_
14	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
15	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
16	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	miller	miller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	’s	's	PART	POS	_	20	case	_	_
22	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
25	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	27	advmod	_	_
27	throwing	throw	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	acl	_	_
28	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	_
29	at	at	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** *in a quote* | past · progressive | Last summer |  |  | the river |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on river=Location |
| 2 | **be** *in a quote* | past | two rude boys |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **throw** *in a quote* | past · progressive | the miller's sons | stones |  |  |  | at the Swallow *= swallow*; always *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent stone=Theme at i=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Project Gutenberg book 902 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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