---
title: He passed over the Ghetto, and saw the old Jews bargaining with each… — The Happy Prince, and Other Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: He passed over the Ghetto, and saw the old Jews bargaining with each other, and weighing out money in copper scales. Who acts: Swallow, old Jews. A sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Happy Prince, and Other Tales, Opening, part 1, sentence 97

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He passed over the Ghetto, and saw the old Jews bargaining with each other, and weighing out money in copper scales.

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**Who acts:** Swallow, old Jews · **What happens:** pass, see, bargain, weigh out · **To what, where:** Ghetto, old Jews, money, copper scales

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This is a sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Swallow, old Jews), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg902:1:97
# text = He passed over the Ghetto, and saw the old Jews bargaining with each other, and weighing out money in copper scales.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Ghetto	Ghetto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	Jews	Jew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
12	bargaining	bargain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	12	obl	_	_
15	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	weighing	weigh	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	advcl	_	_
19	out	out	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	copper	copper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	scales	scale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past | Swallow |  |  | the Ghetto |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme over ghetto=Location |
| 2 | **see** | past | Swallow *not said here* | the old Jews |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer jew=Stimulus |
| 3 | **bargain** | gerund | the old Jews *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with each | vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with each=Co-Agent |
| 4 | **weigh out** | gerund | Swallow *not said here* | money |  | copper scales |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme money=Value |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Project Gutenberg book 902 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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