--- title: “The ruby has fallen out of his sword, his eyes are gone, and he is… — The Happy Prince, and Other Tales · tree and pragmatics description: “The ruby has fallen out of his sword, his eyes are gone, and he is golden no longer,” said the Mayor in fact, “he is little better than a beggar!” Who acts: ruby, eyes, Mayor. A sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmat --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg902/2/42/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Happy Prince, and Other Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg902/) / [Opening, part 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg902/2/) / 42 # The Happy Prince, and Other Tales, Opening, part 2, sentence 42 “The ruby has fallen out of his sword, his eyes are gone, and he is golden no longer,” said the Mayor in fact, “he is little better than a beggar!” **Who acts:** ruby, eyes, Mayor · **What happens:** fall, be, say · **To what, where:** sword · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ruby, eyes, Mayor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg902:2:42 # text = “The ruby has fallen out of his sword, his eyes are gone, and he is golden no longer,” said the Mayor in fact, “he is little better than a beggar!” 1 “ " PUNCT `` _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 ruby ruby NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 5 fallen fall VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 24 ccomp _ _ 6 out out ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 11 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 12 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 13 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _ 14 gone gone ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 17 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 18 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 19 golden golden ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 conj _ _ 20 no no ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 21 longer long ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 19 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 23 ” " PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ _ 24 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 Mayor Mayor PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 27 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 fact fact NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 30 “ " PUNCT `` _ 34 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 31 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 32 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 33 little little ADV RB Degree=Pos 34 advmod _ _ 34 better good ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 24 parataxis _ _ 35 than than ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 beggar beggar NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 38 ! ! PUNCT . _ 34 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 39 ” " PUNCT '' _ 24 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fall** *in a quote* | present · perfect | the ruby | | | Mayor's sword | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme out sword=Location | | 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Mayor's eyes | | | | | gone *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Mayor | | | | | golden, long *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **say** *speech: express* | past | the Mayor in fact | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Mayor | | | | | than a beggar; good, little *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Project Gutenberg book 902 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg902/2/41/) - next →: [sentence 43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg902/2/43/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg902/2/)