---
title: “‘Good-bye,’ said little Hans, and he began to dig away quite merril… — The Happy Prince, and Other Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “‘Good-bye,’ said little Hans, and he began to dig away quite merrily, he was so pleased about the wheelbarrow. Who acts: friend. A sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Happy Prince, and Other Tales, Opening, part 4, sentence 114

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“‘Good-bye,’ said little Hans, and he began to dig away quite merrily, he was so pleased about the wheelbarrow.

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**Who acts:** friend · **What happens:** say, begin, dig away, be · **To what, where:** little Hans · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg902:4:114
# text = “‘Good-bye,’ said little Hans, and he began to dig away quite merrily, he was so pleased about the wheelbarrow.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	bye	bye	INTJ	UH	_	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	Hans	Han	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	dig	dig	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	away	away	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	merrily	merrily	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
23	so	so	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	pleased	pleased	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	_
25	about	about	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	wheelbarrow	wheelbarrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past |  | little Hans |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent han=Topic |
| 2 | **begin** *in a quote* | past | friend |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **dig away** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | friend *not said here* |  |  |  |  | away, merrily *property* | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | past | friend |  |  |  |  | about the wheelbarrow; pleased *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Project Gutenberg book 902 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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