--- title: “‘It has certainly been a hard day,’ said little Hans to himself as… — The Happy Prince, and Other Tales · tree and pragmatics description: “‘It has certainly been a hard day,’ said little Hans to himself as he was going to bed, ‘but I am glad I did not refuse the Miller, for he is my best friend, and, besides, he is going to give me his wheelbarrow.’ Who acts: way, Hans, I. A sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wil --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg902/4/126/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Happy Prince, and Other Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg902/) / [Opening, part 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg902/4/) / 126 # The Happy Prince, and Other Tales, Opening, part 4, sentence 126 “‘It has certainly been a hard day,’ said little Hans to himself as he was going to bed, ‘but I am glad I did not refuse the Miller, for he is my best friend, and, besides, he is going to give me his wheelbarrow.’ **Who acts:** way, Hans, I · **What happens:** be, say, go, not refuse, give · **To what, where:** little Hans, Hans, bed, Miller, wheelbarrow, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (way, Hans, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg902:4:126 # text = “‘It has certainly been a hard day,’ said little Hans to himself as he was going to bed, ‘but I am glad I did not refuse the Miller, for he is my best friend, and, besides, he is going to give me his wheelbarrow.’ 1 “ " PUNCT `` _ 12 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 ‘ ' PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 3 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 4 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _ 5 certainly certainly ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 6 been be VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 12 ccomp _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl:unmarked _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 11 ’ ' PUNCT '' _ 6 punct _ _ 12 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 13 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 Hans Han PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 15 to to ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 12 obl _ _ 17 as as SCONJ IN _ 20 mark _ _ 18 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 19 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 20 going go VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 12 advcl _ _ 21 to to ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 bed bed NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 23 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 24 ‘ ' PUNCT `` _ 28 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 25 but but CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 26 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 27 am be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 cop _ _ 28 glad glad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 parataxis _ _ 29 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 30 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 aux _ _ 31 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 32 advmod _ _ 32 refuse refuse VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 ccomp _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 Miller Miller PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 35 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 36 for for ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 37 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 38 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 41 cop _ _ 39 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 41 nmod:poss _ _ 40 best good ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 41 amod _ _ 41 friend friend NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 42 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ SpaceAfter=No 44 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 45 besides besides INTJ UH _ 49 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 46 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 47 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 49 nsubj _ _ 48 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 49 aux _ _ 49 going go VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 41 conj _ _ 50 to to PART TO _ 51 mark _ _ 51 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 49 xcomp _ _ 52 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 51 iobj _ _ 53 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 54 nmod:poss _ _ 54 wheelbarrow wheelbarrow NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 55 . . PUNCT . _ 28 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 56 ’ ' PUNCT '' _ 12 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **be** *in a quote* | present · perfect | way | | | | day | certainly *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | | little Hans | Hans | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **go** *in a quote* | past · progressive | Hans | | | bed | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to bed=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | I | | | | | glad *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **not** **refuse** *in a quote* | past · do-support | I | the Miller | | | | | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent miller=Theme | | 6 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Hans | | | | | for my best friend | tree rules | | 7 | **go** *in a quote* | present · progressive | Hans | | | | | | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 8 | **give** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | Hans *not said here* | Hans's wheelbarrow | me | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient wheelbarrow=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Project Gutenberg book 902 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 125](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg902/4/125/) - next →: [Opening, part 5, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg902/5/1/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg902/4/)