---
title: During the spring, the summer, and the autumn he was very happy, but… — The Happy Prince, and Other Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: During the spring, the summer, and the autumn he was very happy, but when the winter came, and he had no fruit or flowers to bring to the market, he suffered a good deal from cold and hunger, and often had to go to bed without any supper but a few dried pears or some hard nuts. Who acts: autumn, win
---

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# The Happy Prince, and Other Tales, Opening, part 4, sentence 34

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During the spring, the summer, and the autumn he was very happy, but when the winter came, and he had no fruit or flowers to bring to the market, he suffered a good deal from cold and hunger, and often had to go to bed without any supper but a few dried pears or some hard nuts.

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**Who acts:** autumn, winter, Hans · **What happens:** be, come, have, bring, suffer, go · **To what, where:** fruit, market, good deal, cold, bed

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This is a sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (autumn, winter, Hans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg902:4:34
# text = During the spring, the summer, and the autumn he was very happy, but when the winter came, and he had no fruit or flowers to bring to the market, he suffered a good deal from cold and hunger, and often had to go to bed without any supper but a few dried pears or some hard nuts.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	very	very	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
17	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	20	mark	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
25	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	26	det	_	_
26	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	acl	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
35	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
36	suffered	suffer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	parataxis	_	_
37	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
40	from	from	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	nmod	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
43	hunger	hunger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
46	often	often	ADV	RB	_	47	advmod	_	_
47	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	conj	_	_
48	to	to	PART	TO	_	49	mark	_	_
49	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	47	xcomp	_	_
50	to	to	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
51	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obl	_	_
52	without	without	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
53	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	54	det	_	_
54	supper	supper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obl	_	_
55	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	59	cc	_	_
56	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
57	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	59	amod	_	_
58	dried	dried	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	59	amod	_	_
59	pears	pear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	54	conj	_	_
60	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	63	cc	_	_
61	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	63	det	_	_
62	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	63	amod	_	_
63	nuts	nut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	59	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the autumn |  |  |  |  | happy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past | the winter |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **have** | past | Hans | no fruit or flowers |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Patient |
| 4 | **bring** | to-infinitive | Hans *not said here* | no fruit or flowers *not said here* |  | the market |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to market=Destination |
| 5 | **suffer** | past | Hans | a good deal |  | cold and hunger |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer deal=Stimulus |
| 6 | **have** | past | Hans *not said here* |  |  |  |  | often *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **go** | to-infinitive | Hans *not said here* |  |  | bed |  | without any supper but a few dried pears or some hard nuts | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to bed=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Project Gutenberg book 902 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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