---
title: “‘Good morning,’ said Hans, leaning on his spade, and smiling from e… — The Happy Prince, and Other Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “‘Good morning,’ said Hans, leaning on his spade, and smiling from ear to ear. Who acts: Hans. A sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Happy Prince, and Other Tales, Opening, part 4, sentence 72

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“‘Good morning,’ said Hans, leaning on his spade, and smiling from ear to ear.

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**Who acts:** Hans · **What happens:** say, lean, smile · **To what, where:** spade, ear · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg902:4:72
# text = “‘Good morning,’ said Hans, leaning on his spade, and smiling from ear to ear.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	Hans	Hans	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	leaning	lean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	spade	spade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	smiling	smile	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | Hans |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lean** *in a quote* | gerund | Hans *not said here* |  |  | Hans's spade |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on spade=Location |
| 3 | **smile** *in a quote* | gerund | Hans *not said here* |  | ear |  |  | to ear | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to ear=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Project Gutenberg book 902 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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