---
title: “‘They are certainly very lovely,’ said Hans, ‘and it is a most luck… — The Happy Prince, and Other Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “‘They are certainly very lovely,’ said Hans, ‘and it is a most lucky thing for me that I have so many. Who acts: primroses, Hans, bye. A sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Happy Prince, and Other Tales, Opening, part 4, sentence 81

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“‘They are certainly very lovely,’ said Hans, ‘and it is a most lucky thing for me that I have so many.

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**Who acts:** primroses, Hans, bye · **What happens:** be, say, have · **To what, where:** lucky thing, many · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (primroses, Hans, bye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg902:4:81
# text = “‘They are certainly very lovely,’ said Hans, ‘and it is a most lucky thing for me that I have so many.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	lovely	lovely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	Hans	Hans	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
13	‘	‘	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	19	advmod	_	_
19	lucky	lucky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	ccomp	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nmod	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
24	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
26	so	so	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | primroses *= primrose* |  |  |  |  | certainly, lovely *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | Hans |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | bye | a lucky thing |  |  |  | for Hans | tree rules |
| 4 | **have** *in a quote* | present | Hans | many |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Project Gutenberg book 902 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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